Annotated Bibliography-Anna

Works Cited
Adegbehingbe, OO, LM Oginni, OJ Ogundele, AL Ariyibi, PO Abiola, and OD Ojo. “PONSETI CLUBFOOT MANAGEMENT: CHANGING SURGICAL TRENDS IN NIGERIA.” The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. 2010. Web. 02 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2958264/>.
In this experiment, researchers attempted to treat clubfoot in Nigerian children whose condition had been left untreated longer than usual in American children. These patients had never been exposed to the Ponseti Method which was the new treatment being tested by the researchers. In order to insure the experiment was accurate, a computer was used to randomize the subjects without looking at their age, the severity of their clubfoot, or treatment history. All affected feet were then scored based on severity by a team of experts that had no relation to the experiment or the patients. These results would be compared to the end results to see if the treatments had worked. The criteria of a expected results are explained in the article. The two groups were then treated by one of two methods: The surgical method that had been used previously in Nigeria(where the study was taking place) or the Ponseti method. The surgical method combines surgery and positioning of the foot in order to place the foot in the typical position. The ponseti method means placing a series of casts on the affected foot that each places the foot in a slightly different postion. The end result was that the Ponseti method produced good results for less money and decreased the amount of surgery these children needed.
“Children’s Clubfoot: Treatment with Casting or Operation? – Your Orthopaedic Connection – AAOS.” AAOS – Your Orthopaedic Connection. Ed. AAOS. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00296>.
“Cleft Lip and Palate.” Cleft Lip and Palate. Ed. Kidshealth. Web. 07 Feb. 2011. <http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/ears/cleft_lip_palate.html>.
“Cleft Lip and Palate Pre and Post Repair.” Web. 1 Feb. 2011. <http://qvh.nhs.uk/assets/Cleft_lip_and_palate>.
An accurate picture of what a child’s face would like before and after an operation to prepare cleft lip and palate.
Dobbs MD, Matthew B., Jose A. Moecunde MD,PhD, Christina A. Gurnett MD, PhD, and Igancio V. Ponseti. “Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot.” The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. 2000. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1888755/>.
An article that details the history of clubfoot treament and the way the treatments built upon each other to come to the modern treatments. This article is very accurate and is written by some of the foremost experts in the field.
Fitzgerald, Robert Hannon. “Orthopaedics.” Google Books. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://books.google.com/books?id=2Xd_l0gOF-UC&lpg=PP1&dq=orthopaedics&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false>.
A textbook that features information about all types of orthopaedics.
Guevara, Jose. “YouTube – What Is Scoliosis? – Doctor Chiropractor Atlanta Ga- Gainesville Ga.” YouTube – Broadcast Yourself. 23 Feb. 2010. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFkjS8GCzvs&feature=related>.
Hadish, Cindy. “Ponseti Races Set for Oct. 9 in Iowa City | Eastern Iowa Health.” Eastern Iowa Health | Health News All The Time. 4 Oct. 2009. Web. 05 Feb. 2011. <http://easterniowahealth.com/2010/10/04/ponseti-races-set-for-oct-9-in-iowa-city/>.
Leow MD, Aik-Ming, and Lun-Jou Lo MD. “Palatoplasty: Evolution and Controversie.” July-Aug. 2008. Web. 7 Feb. 2011. <http://memo.cgu.edu.tw/cgmj/3104/310402.pdf>.
Leow MD, Aik-Ming, and Lun-Jou Lo MD. “Palatoplasty: Evolution and Controversie.” July-Aug. 2008. Web. 7 Feb. 2011. <http://memo.cgu.edu.tw/cgmj/3104/310402.pdf>.
“Lord George Gordon Byron – Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss.” The Literature Network: Online Classic Literature, Poems, and Quotes. Essays & Summaries. Ed. The Literature Network. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.online-literature.com/byron/>.
Lovett MD, Robert W. “The History of Scoliosis.” The Journal of Bone and Surgery, 8 Feb. 2011. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ejbjs.org/cgi/reprint/s2-11/1/54.pdf>.
This article details the history of the treatment of scolosis extending from Hippocrates to the present day and the way these theories evolved. The article attempts to explain how present day treatments evolved and came to be the accepted form of treatment and very accurately does that. This article appears to be well-researched and was published by The Journal of Bone and Surgery.
M., Perko. “The History of Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate.” Pubmed.gov. National Instituites of Health. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3095876>.
An abstract of an article that details the treatment history of cleft lip and palate extending back to ancient times. This article appears to have good information although only the abstract is avalible.
Murthy, Jyotsna. “Management of Cleft Lip and Palate in Adults.” PubMed. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery, Oct. 2009. Web. 9 Feb. 2011. <Jyotsna>.
This article is a detailed account of a study that treated adult patients with cleft lip and palate. These people have lived a life of difficulty and find their lives greatly changed after the surgeries. The surgeries and the challenges of the region where the surgeries were performed provided unique challenges compared to the typical challenges that happen when the surgery is performed on a infant with a more malleable skull. This very reputable article was published in the Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery.
New York-Presbytarian. “Hand Deformities, Congenital – New York Presbyterian Hospital.” New York Presbyterian Hospital – Top NYC Doctors, Comprehensive Medical Care. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://nyp.org/health/congenital-hand-deformities.html>.
A website that accurately explains the symptoms and treatments of common orthopadic hand deformities. Explains how a deformity could happen in the known cases.
Orthopediatrics. “A Patient’s Guide to Clubfoot.” Welcome to Orthopediatrics.com. Web. 05 Feb. 2011. <http://www.orthopediatrics.com/docs/Guides/clubfoot.html>.
“PubMed Health – Scoliosis.” PubMed. Ed. David Zieve MD and C. Benjamin Ma, MD. 17 Sept. 2009. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002221>.
ReSurge International. “35-Year Old Ghanaian With Cleft Lip | Flickr – Photo Sharing!” Welcome to Flickr – Photo Sharing. 3 Feb. 2006. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/interplast/96405973/>.
Saunders. “Full Size Picture Clubhand Radial.jpg.” Medical Dictionary. 2007. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/viewer.aspx?path=dorland&name=clubhand_radial.jpg>.
“SpringerImages – Hippocrates Examining a Child, a Painting by Robert Thom, 1950’s.” SpringerImages. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. <http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/5-10.1186_1748-7161-4-6-11>.
Univerisity of Iowa-Healthcare. “YouTube – Tom Brokaw and The Ponseti Method.” YouTube – Broadcast Yourself. Web. 05 Feb. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wum4K15PtBg>.
We Care Health Care Services. “Clubfoot Surgery,Clubfoot Surgery India,Clubfoot Surgery Cost India.” Medical Tourism India,Medical Surgery Tourism India,India Health Tour. 2010. Web. 01 Feb. 2011. <http://indiahealthtour.com/treatments/orthopedics/foot/clubfoot-surgery.html>.
An article that explains the features and symptoms of clubfoot along with pictures of the condition before and after an operation to repair the condition. Featured on a health care services website.
Wheeless III MD, Clifford R. “Calcaneovalgus Foot – Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics.” Duke Orthopaedics Presents Wheeless’ Encyclopedia of Orthopaedics. Web. 31 Jan. 2011. <http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/calcaneovalgus_foot>.
An encyclopedia entry of the causes, symptoms, and treatments of calcneovalgus foot which is also known as clubfoot. Most cases are mild and very few children require treatment but there are treatments available. These include casting to use the foot’s natural flexibility to correct the problem and surgical treatment which is more common as children age and the foot loses it’s flexibility(Wheeless 1).